Hand Planes

Hand planes flatten, smooth and shape wood.  Bench planes (jack, fore and smoothing planes) prepare boards for joinery.  Block and apron planes trim end grain and chamfer edges.  Japanese planes cut on the pull stroke for exquisite control.  Specialty planes include rebate, plow and router planes for specific tasks.

What are hand planes used for?
Hand planes are essential tools for shaping, flattening, and smoothing wood surfaces. They’re used to level boards, straighten edges, remove high spots, reduce thickness, and refine joinery. Craftspeople use hand planes for both rough stock preparation and fine finishing in furniture making, cabinetry, and carpentry.

What types of hand planes are available and how do they differ?
There are several types, each designed for specific tasks:

• Block planes – small, versatile planes ideal for end grain trimming and chamfering

• Jack planes – all-purpose planes used for initial flattening and rough shaping

• Smoothing planes – short planes for final surface finishing

• Jointer planes – long-bodied planes used to straighten edges for panel or board joining

• Specialty planes – like rabbet, shoulder, and router planes for specific joinery or groove tasks
  Choosing the right plane depends on the type of cut, size of workpiece, and finish required.

How do I set up and maintain a hand plane for best results?

• Ensure the blade is sharp and properly aligned, with the cutting edge parallel to the sole

• Adjust the depth of cut and mouth opening according to the task and wood type

• Keep the sole flat and clean, and apply a bit of wax for smoother glide

• Store with the blade retracted or protected to prevent damage
  Regular sharpening and tuning are key to consistent, effortless planing and a fine surface finish.